{"id":7826,"date":"2018-11-04T21:16:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-04T19:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.torosidis.gr\/?p=7826"},"modified":"2026-09-27T13:27:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T10:27:56","slug":"%cf%84%cf%8d%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%b9-%ce%b1%ce%b6%cf%89%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%8d%cf%87%cf%89%ce%bd-%ce%bb%ce%b9%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%bc%ce%ac%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.torosidis.gr\/en\/%cf%84%cf%8d%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%b9-%ce%b1%ce%b6%cf%89%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%8d%cf%87%cf%89%ce%bd-%ce%bb%ce%b9%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%bc%ce%ac%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of Nitrogen Fertilizers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Western European farmers have always had a wide variety of fertiliser types at their disposal. The current use of a variety of products is the result of experimentation and practical application of different sources of nitrogen to a large number of crops and soils in different European climatic conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From 1970 onwards most of the increase in global nitrogen fertiliser consumption corresponded to the type of urea. * In , developing countries, the high concentration of nitrogen in urea may reduce the distribution costs of , storage and management per , nutrient unit contained, despite the fact that the apparently increased concentration is less significant if assessed in volumetric terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the case of developing countries the use of urea-type nitrogen fertilisers represents 67% the total consumption of nitrogen fertilisers while this percentage in western Europe amounts to 16%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prevalence of urea in developing countries is more due to accounting and economic data than to agronomic and environmental suitability. \u00b7 The potential for ammonia losses from , urea when used improperly , can be significant. They are larger and generally more difficult to limit than losses of nitrogenous sources in the form of nitrates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Nitrogen can only be applied to , in the form of simple fertilizer or in the form of compound fertilizers containing varying nitrogen contents. In the countries of western Europe in 78% nitrogen is applied on its own in the form of simple fertilisers and 22% with complex fertilizers of many nutrients.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong><u>Main types of straight fertilisers used in the western European Union:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Calcareous ammonia nitrate.&nbsp;<\/strong>It is a mixture of ammonia nitrate and a minimum of 20% Calcium\/Magnesium salt. Its nitrogen concentration ranges from 25% to 28%. With a share of 30% * , is the main type of simple nitrogen fertilizer in western Europe. \u00b7 Half of the nitrogen is in the nitrate form , which is readily available to , plants while the remaining half is in the ammoniacal form. Ammonium nitrate fertilizers are well adapted to most European soils, crops and climatic conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ammonia nitrate.&nbsp;<\/strong>Another source of high-concentration nitrogen. ( 33,5% with 34,5%(w\/w). Represents 21% the total amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilisers in western Europe. It is the most commonly used form of simple nitrogen fertilizer in France (38%) and the United Kingdom (68%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Urea.&nbsp;<\/strong>It is the formula with the highest nitrogen content(46% (w\/w). the availability of nitrogen for uptake by the , plant may delay , particularly in spring cold weather, as urea needs to be converted initially into ammoniacal and eventually nitrate form. * Its chemical conversion depends on , temperature, which is why in western Europe the use of urea is mainly found in Mediterranean countries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Liquid solutions.&nbsp;<\/strong>They represent 12% total nitrogen consumption in western Europe. Representative is the composition consisting of 50% urea and 505 ammonia nitrate in , water and bees a fully soluble pure liquid fertilizer (with a content of 28-32% in nitrogen). This type of fertiliser offers farmers the advantage of reduced manual labour but requires special storage facilities and transport equipment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong><u>Other simple nitrogen fertilisers.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ammonia sulphate.<\/strong>It has a relatively low nitrogen content ( 21% , exclusively in the ammoniacal form). In addition it contains by 24% * Sulphur (S) , another plant essential nutrient.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ammonia nitrate sulphide.<\/strong>It is a combination of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. (standard composition: 26% nitrogen content of which 7,5% nitrate and 18.5% ammoniac with an additional 14% sulphur).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Calcium nitrate.<\/strong>Contains 14.4% nitrogen in nitrate form and 19% water-soluble calcium. It is a form suitable for horticulture and fruit due to its fast action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>, Chilean nitro sodium nitrate and calcium cyanamide.<\/strong>They are used in small quantities in specific crops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anhydrous ammonia (82% nitrogen).<\/strong>Applied by infusion into the soil and accounts for less than 1% total nitrogen fertilisers used in western Europe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><u>Compound fertilizers.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Fertilizers containing more than one of the key nutrients \u2013 nitrogen(N) , phosphorus(P) , potassium(K) \u2013 are known as compound fertilizers. Their use represents 22% the total nitrogen applied in western Europe. There are two distinct categories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fertilizer mixtures.<\/strong>These are produced by dry mixing of the granules or particles of two or more intermediate lubricating materials. In good quality blends the grain contents fit perfectly in relation to size and other physical characteristics. \u00b7 If the components do not fit perfectly there is a possibility that during the , manipulations the transfer and dispersion of , will be separated, resulting in uneven distribution in the field.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Complex fertilizers.<\/strong>\u00b7 They contain at least two of the nitrogen elements , phosphorus or potassium and are usually the product of a chemical reaction. They have the advantage of containing all their nutrients in each of their grains.&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The majority of complex fertilisers used in western Europe belong to the second category. \u00b7 The granules of these fertilizers have a uniform size and a defined , composition so they are not at risk of separation during application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><u>Special fertilizers.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Under specific climatic and soil conditions, , denitrification, gas escape or , nitrogen leaching may occur, reducing the efficiency of the applied fertilisers. In order to prevent this phenomenon, the inorganic fertiliser industry has developed specific types of fertilisers designed to reduce the impact of these phenomena. These special types of fertilizers can be summarized as below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><u>Foliar fertilizers.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 In certain cases , nitrogen can be absorbed particularly effectively by the leaves of the plant. This method of application can be used to prevent the immobilisation or leaching of nitrogen applied from the soil. However, the amount of nitrogen that can be applied by foliar spraying is limited and in practice this method of application is used in addition to the applied amount of nitrogen from the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong><u>Slow diffusion and controlled diffusion fertilizers.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* A slow or controlled diffusion fertilizer contains nitrogen and equal other nutrients in forms that delay initial availability or extend availability over , time by synchronizing it with uptake by plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Typically , a slow-release fertilizer is based on the insolubility of the nitrogen-containing medium in the available water. On the other hand, a controlled diffusion fertilizer is produced by modifying the soluble lubricant product, using coating layers or encapsulating it in capsules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 The two main categories of slow-release or controlled-release , fertilisers depending on how they are produced are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Slow-release fertilisers.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">urea \u2013 , aldehydes e.g. urea \u2013 formaldehyde. \u00b7 They were primarily designed for professional use on , lawn playgrounds and gardens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Controlled-release fertilisers.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These materials were designed to release nutrients for a given period of time (3,6,9, or 12 months) through a coating material or capsule film.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong><u>Stabilised fertilisers: Fertilizers associated with nitrification inhibitors.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nitrification inhibitors are chemical compounds that inhibit the bacterial oxidation (nitrification) of ammoniacal nitrogen by limiting the activity of Nitrosomonas bacteria in the soil. * The purpose is to maintain the applied ammoniacal nitrogen in its original , form which is stable in , soil and to slow down its conversion to nitrates. * This temporarily reduces the ratio of nitrates in soil , thus reducing the chances of leaching or N formation<sub>2<\/sub>* , due to high rainfall or irrigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The cost of controlled-release or stabilised fertilisers is significantly higher than that of conventional fertilisers. \u00b7 Thus their primary use is limited to high-value , crops in specific farming systems and high-value non-agricultural sectors (flowering , playgrounds , greenhouses).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The global consumption of slow-release and controlled-release industrial fertilisers in 1995 is estimated at around 560 kt of product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source:<strong>Kummer Karl-Friedrich (BASF AG) and Chris Dawson and Associates , (2003).<\/strong>Understanding Nitrogen and its Use in Agriculture.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Western European farmers have always had a wide variety of fertiliser types at their disposal. 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